Utilizing dynamic pressure.



Patented July 3, 1917.

4 SHEETS-SHEET l- INVENTORI M644 2: ATTORNEY.

C. C. TRUMP.

UTILIZING DYNAMIC PRESSURE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC-6,19l2.

LQMMHI WITNESSES:

II I, W

C. C. TRUIVIP.

UTILIZING DYIIIAIVII'C PRESSURE. APPLICATION FILED use 6, I912.

Patented July 3, 1917.

4 SHEETSSHEET 2.

;- I I{I TN ESSES IN VEN TOR.

ATTORNEY.

C. C. TRUMP.

UTILIZING DYNAMIC PRESSURE. APPLICATION FILED DEC. 6. 1912.

LQfiLWI I, Patented July 3, 1917.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

IN VEN TOR.

i, ATTORNEY.

C. C. TRUMP.

UTILIZING DYNAMlC PRESSURE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 6. 1912.

11,231,971 0 Patented July 3, 1917;

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

WITNESSES:

I N VEN TOR ATTORNEY.

IIIED @Ag PAENT CHARLES C. TRUMP, OF SYRACUSE, NEW YORK, AssIGNOR TO HUMPHREY Gas PUMP COMPANY, A CORPORATION on NEW YORK.

UTILIZING DYNAMIC PRESSURE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 3, 19117:.

Application filed December 6, 1912. Serial No. 735,240.

To all whom it may concern: 7

Be it known that I, CHARLES C. TRUMP, a. citizen 'of the United States, residing at Syracuse, in the county of Onondaga, State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Utilizing Dynamic Pressure, of which the following is a specification.

My invention'relates to improvement in method and means for raising and forcing fluids, and comprises modifications and improvements in the methods and apparatus described in patents and pending applications of IV. I-I. Smyth, Herbert Alfred l lumphrey, and others.

In particular, this invention relates to improvement in regulation and control of power, pumping, andcompressing machinery without flywheels; wherein distribution of energy for cyclic functions is derived from periodic primary power impulses which operate in conjunction with the inertia and momentum of confined, freely reta'yjn-ocating masses of solid and liquid.

In those type of such-machines in which a large part of this functional energy is stored in elastic cushions, such asair, great difficulty has been experienced in actual practice in maintaining and regulating the necessary volume and proportion of such elastic. cushions. Losses of elastic medium by absorption or leakage have to be made up. Changes in output or pressure of discharge have to be adjusted for, either by careful attention and manipulation on the part of the operator, or by complicated and expensive, automatic, regulating devices.

The method of and apparatus for pumping in which the inertia and momentum of a mass of liquid reciprocated byintermittent power impulses are utilized to draw in liquid by reduction of pressure and to expel liquid against resistance by increase of pressure, which reduction and increase are caused by the reciprocation of the liquid mass, the point of discharge being within the length of the reciprocating mass, have been heretofore known. In that method the alternate storage and giving out of power by the re ciprocating liquid mass is essentially de pendent upon means for applying power impulses in opposite directions and the inertia and momentum of the reciprocating mass, no other factor being involved to a.

degree having material efliciency. By this invention energy is alternately stored and given out by the reciprocation of a liquid column by means of intermittent power i1npulses in one direction, and applied in a like manner to the function of pumping, under such conditions that the alternate stor age and giving out of power is determined by the power impulse'sand the inertia and momentum of the reciprocating column efiiciently aided by gravity, the arrangement being such that the reciprocating column has alternately a greater and a smaller hydrostatic head in which the greater part of the column is included.

The purposes, therefore, of this invention are:

energy which must be distributed by reciprocating masses.

2. Thereby to improve the capacity of such machines for working against higher pressures.

3. To avoid the necessity for close attention or automatic regulation which is present when functional energy is largely stored in elastic cushions.

4. To provide an automatic balance of cyclic functions whereby speed, capacity, and working pressures are under inherent regulation and control.

Referring to the drawings, which illustrate merely by way of example, the principle of my invention and suitable ap mratus for effecting it:

Figure I shows a section of such appa- 'atus.

Fig. II is a diagram of pressure and displacement for the power cylinder and also for the entrainment and discharge of fluid under different pressures.

Figs. III, IV, and V show modifications in application and arrangement.

Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

Referring to Fig. I

1 is a power cylinder. At 2 are shown valve controlled inlets for fluid. At 3 are shown valve controlled outlets for fluid opening into a C0ll1[i)8I1Sulll'lg air vessel, or accumulator, el. 5 designates a portion of a confined reciprocating mass of solid and liquid between a power chamber and a dis charge outlet. 6 designates an outer portion 1. To reduce the amount of functional of such reciprocating mass between a discharge outlet and a variable level 7. 8 designates an extended portion of a confining play pipe or cylinder in which considerable range is allowed for variation of level 7. 9 designates a discharge outlet for an accumulator 1. 1O designates a suction pipe by which fluid is supplied to inlets 2. Fluctuations are prevented by the suction cham ber 11. 12 represents a rigid, hollow piston or plunger between a power chamber 1 and play pipe 5. 13 designates a valve controlled inlet for admission of primary medium to power chamber 1. 1% represents an exhaust chamber or jet condenser. 15 designates exhaust ports which lead from power chamber 1 into condenser 1-1 and are controlled by piston 12.

Referring to Fig. 11

OP represents an axis of pressures. OV represents an axis of stroke or volume. EF is a line designating atmospheric pressure. A, B, C, D is a typical diagram in full lines of a power cycle having high initial pressure followed by expansion to relatively low pressure and compression nearly to initial pressure. AB represents the period of compression. BC represents the period of admission. GD represents the period of pansion. DA represents the period of exhaust. This diagram applies to a cycle in the power chamber, Fig. I. The diagrams in broken lines represent corresponding pressures and displacements in the vicinity of the outlets 3. GH represents discharge of fluid at a relatively high pressure. J R represents a corresponding suction of fluid through the inlets 2. LM represents a discharge of a larger volume of fluid at relatively lower pressure than GH; while NK represents a corresponding period of suction.

Referring to Figs. I and II, the cycle of operation is as follows The position of the parts shown in Fig. I is that which results at the end of a power impulse followed by expansion. Piston 12 is subject to pressure due to the weight of the masses above it in play pipe 8, and pressure due to atmosphere or other medium on level 7, on one side, and a much lower pressure (that of exhaust) in cylinder 1. Valves 3 are closed by excess of pressure in vessel 4 and valves 2 by excess of pressure in play pipe 5. Piston 12 is therefore forced toward the head of cylinder 1, and the whole column below 7 gaining kinetic energy which is absorbed in compressing the medium remaining in cylinder 1 according to the diagram, line AB. Just before the rising pressure in cylinder 1 brings the reciprocating masses to rest, primary medium is admitted through valve 13 by suitable mechanism and this admission is continued for the short pe riod BC. At this point the energy stored in compression and that supplied in the fresh primary medium now exerts the power stroke, forcing piston 12 outward and the reciprocating masses below 7 upward against the force of gravity and the pressure existing at level 7. Due to the inertia of reciprocating masses which are thus accelerated, the fluid pressures developed near the power chamber are greater than those near the upper level by much more than that due to the hydraulic head. As long as column 6 above discharge outlets 3 is being accelerated, therefore, the pressure at 3 is much greater than that due to the head above, and fluid is discharged into vessel A against a relatively high pressure. During this period column 5, therefore, is at relatively higher velocity than column 6. As soon as the ressure of expanding medium in cylinder 1 falls below that necessary to accelerate the reciprocating masses against the resistances of inertia, gravity, pressure, etc., these masses being in motion continue to move outward and complete the expansion by reason of their momentum. As soon as piston 12 has caused exhaust by opening outlets such as ports 15, it is brought to rest. Columns 5 and 6, however, are or should be still in motion and this momentum causes a reduction of pressure in the vicinity of outlets 2 suflicient to entrain fresh fluid from chamber 11. The kinetic energy of the reciprocating masses having been absorbed by this function, the parts are in the original position ready for a new cycle. This cycle repeats itself periodically.

The maximum height of level 7 above the cylinder 1 (limited by the end of the play pipe 8) is chosen with respect to the initial and final pressures of compression and the stroke in cylinder 1. The total length and mass of the reciprocating parts is proportioned with respect to the period of operation desired. The location of discharge outlets is chosen at points intermediate a power cylinder and a level 7, such that the pressure developed at such points during the acceleration of the masses is sufficient to cause discharge of fluid against the respective discharge pressures required; that is to say, the higher the pressure against which the fluid is to be'discharged the nearer are discharge outlets located to power chambers. The location of fluid inlets is chosen in a similar manner at the correct point between a power chamber and a discharge outlet.

Once having chosen the location of discharge outlets and assuming fairly constant power impulses in cylinder 1, operation under a constant discharge pressure such as GH, Fig. II, involves definite dimensions of those portions of the reciprocating masses which lie beyond the discharge outlets; that is to say, the level 7 while oscillating in proportion to the power strokes will maintain a constant range and will determine height, length and mass of column 6 such that the correct pressure for discharge into essel 4 is maintained at outlets 3.

Should the pressure in 4: be reduced or a greater volume of fluid. be required through the discharge 9, the period and pressure of discharge would be represented by LM, Fig. II. This pressure does not require as great resistance on the part of column 6 to cause discharge of a volume corresponding to that which will now be entrained at 2. The excess of resistance which column (3 does impose, however, will cause fluid to be entrained in smaller amount than that dischi'trged. The length, mass and height of column 6 will, therefore, be reduced until its resistance is correct for equal volumes of fluid to be entrained and discharged.

Automatic regulation is secured in this way not only to adjust for variation in conditions of entrainment and discharge of fluid, but also for maintaining an absolute balance between suction and discharge under constant working conditions. This balance, which depends upon the pressure of the discharge itself in its relation to the pressures developed between power impulses and inertia of the moving masses, T have chosen to call dynamic balance. Wore broadly, all instantaneous conditions of pressure due to acceleration or retardation of masses lv have designated as dynamic pressure.

Referring to Fig. III

1 is a power chamber of the type described by H. A. l'lun'iphrey, in which a four stroke cycle of internal combustion is carried on directly in contact with a portion of the liquid masses. This cycle is operated by means of valves 13 for introduction of charge and valves 1% for scavenging and exhaust of expended products. In this case it is necessary that the power cylinder be vertical. 2 designates, as before, a alve controlled inlet for fluid. In this case it is shown in the vicinity of discharge 3, for reasons to be explained below. 4 is the compensating discharge chamber from which leads thedischarge main 9. 5 is a portion of the play pipe for confining fluid masses between a power chamber and a discharge. 6 represents an inclined play pipe for confinement of masses beyond a discharge. 7 is the upper level of this portion, with range for variation below the top of play pipe 8. 11 is a suction chamber for controlling the flow of fluid from the supply pipe 10. 16 represents an elastic cushion interposed be tween the play pipe and a discharge for the purpose of intensifying dynamic pressures.

The cycle of operations with this arrange- .ment will be as follows:

A charge having been introduced in power chan'iber 1 by ay of valve 13 is compressed by an inward stroke of the reciprocating bodies under the influence of the head below and pressure above level 7. Ignition of a compressed combustible charge pro duces a power impulse which raises the dynamic pressure in the vicinity of the dis-- charges, compressing such elastic cuuliious as 16 to a high pressure. This pressure is sufficient to cause discharge of fluid into vessel 4- until dynamic pressure is reduced by eXpansion in chamber 1. The volume of fluid discharged makes necessary a velocity of column 5 higher than that of column (3. These velocities, however, tend to equalize at the instant when the discharge ceases. If column 6 is of greater mass than column 5 and moves at the same velocity it will possess greater kinetic energy in direct proportion to its greater mass. If expansion in l is therefore carried below atmosphere a tendency to separate will occur between columns 5 and (3 near a discharge and an inlet such as 2 in the vicinity thereof. This dynamic etlect, therefore, will cause en trainment of fresh fluid from chamber 1 1.. With proper proportions of columns 5 and 6 and control of the cycle in power chamber 1, regulation by dynamic balance between suction and discharge will maintain and adjust the proper range of the level 7. Entrainment of fluid having absorbed kinetic energy of column 6 a return stroke under influence of head. below and pressure above 7 causes exhaust of products of combustion by way of valve 1-l-.. A small amount of scavenging air which has been entrained during a period of low pressure in l is trapped above valve 1 1: as an elastic cushion. The compression of this cushion serves to store energy for propelling the columns in an outward direction far enough to entrain a fresh combustible charge through valve 13. This being compressed on the fourth stroke, ignition occurs and the cycle repeats itself periodically.

The arrangement here shown is particularly adapted to requirements of large variation in suction level, such as in the case of river pumping work.

In Fig. I the play pipe 8 is shown vertical for application to a large number of industrial situations. It is only necessary, however, that the upper portion of the reciprocating massesis so raised above power chambers as to exert a force necessary for compression therein. The play pipe 8, therefore, is here shown inclined in such a way as is convenient on the bank of a river, or similar situation.

Referring to Fig. IV:

A compressor for elastic fluids such as air is here shown utilizing dynamic pressure for discharge at high working n'essures and dynamic balance for cyclic regulation. 1 is a power chamber, in this case shown as a cylinder for internal combustion of liquid or gaseous fuel ignited by combined heat iuii - inclosed in chamber 8.

of compression and of a hot bulb 24:. A piston 30 moves in this cylinder and by means of a plunger 12 transmits periodic power impulses to the play pipe confining columns and 6. 2 is a valve controlled inlet for liquid, and 3 is a discharge for both liquid and elastic fluid into receiver 4:. This receiver acts as a separator for elastic fluid from liquid and stores the liquid in suflicient quantity for the maximum variation in the mass of column 6 required for dynamic regulation. Column 5 operates in a compressor cylinder. Level 7 is in this case subject to a confined elastic medium This chamber for low pressure stage compression of elastic fluid is provided with valve controlled inlets 37, and discharges. One of these discharges, controlled by a stop valve 22 leads 1 to a valve controlled inlet into the com pressor cylinder at 29. The other leads to a scavenging belt 011 cylinder 1 controlled by valves 18 and 26. An additional inlet to compressor cylinder 5 for entrainment of fluid at relatively lower pressures is shown controlled by a check valve 23 and a throttle valve 35. 3G designates a throttle and stop valve on the discharge main be tween compression cylinder 5 and receiver 9 is a similar valve on a discharge for receiver 4;. 32 is a pressure gage, and 33 is a. water gage for indicating conditions in receiver l. 17 is a throttle and stop valve controlling return of liquid into the play pipe by way of inlet 2. l9 and 20 are check valves in a fuel supply operated by a fuel pump 21 under the action of dynamic pressures. 13 is a valve for admission of fuel supply in the cylinder 1, and 14: is a valve for exhaust of expanded products of combustion. 31 is a tail rod for actuating suitable mechanism to control valves 14 and 13.

3st designates a non-return valve in a pas sage between play pipe and the power cylinder whereby a small portion of liquid is sprayed into the power cylinder at the instant of combustion for cooling of metallic surfaces.

The operation of this apparatus is as follows:

Power impulses due to combustion in cylinder outward. Pressure above and head below level 7 causes the return stroke for compression of fresh charges in cylinder 1. On the out stroke elastic fluid is periodically compressed in chamber 8. Momentum of column 6 causes column 5 to follow it on the outward stroke with the result that elastic fluid is delivered from 8 into the compressor cylinder by way of valve 29. The return stroke completely compresses the fresh charge in cylinder 1 and partially compresses elastic fluid in compressor cylinder 5. With the power impulse dynamic pres- 1 drive piston and plunger 12' sure is developed at the base of column 5 sufficient to complete compression of the elastic fluid up to the discharge pressure and to deliver elastic fluid through valves '3 and 36 into receiver 4 together with a portion of the liquid column itself. WVith the succeeding expansion in cylinder 1 column 5 tends to follow column 6 and to admit fresh elastic fluid from chamber 8. On the return stroke fresh elastic fluid is entrained through valves 37. During periods of low pressure at the base of the play pipe fresh liquid is admitted by way of valves 2 and 17 in conduit 10 to return to the play pipe liquid which has been discharged with the elastic fluid and separated in receiver 4-. Should pressure in receiver l decrease, a larger amount of liquid will be discharged with elastic fluid from compressor cylinder 5 into receiver 4 until the mass of column 6 and also the pressure due to confined elastic medium at level 7 are reduced suflieiently to correct the dynamic balance at 2. Should pressure in 4 increase less liquid will be discharged with elastic fluid and liquid will be forced from receiver 4 into the play pipe to build up column 6 and increase pressure in vessel 8 until dynamic balance correct for compressor cylinder 5 is again restored. The sensitivcness of this regulation can be controlled by throttle valve 17, and also by throttle valve 35. This arrangement for two stage compression embodied in chambers S and 5 is obviously of economic advantage. It has the additional feature that a portion of the air compressed in chamber 8 may be delivered to cylinder 1 for scavenging. It is obvious, however, that level 7 may be left open to atmosphereas in Figs. I and III, or may be inclosed in a chamber such as 8 without openings, wherein an elastic cushion is compressed and expanded for storage of energy without useful work. In this case valve 22 is closed and compressor cylinder 5 entrains fluid directly from the atmosphere or other supply by way of throttle and valve 23. In this case also scavenging is accomplished from the atmosphere by way of opening 25, valve 14 having been opened for exhaust through a nonreturn valve in advance of the opening of ports by the piston 30. Air would then enter through 25 under the influence of vacuum produced by displacement and energy of escaping exhaust gases. The annular space produced by the difference in diameters between piston 30 and plunger 12 can be utilized as an auxiliary pump by connection of suitable valves such as' 27 and 28.

The principal features of this arrangement, therefore, are these :Oompression of elastic fluid in two stages, or in a single stage, in both directions of reciprocation of a system of liquid and solid masses; final delivery of such elastic fluid at high pressure by direct application of power impulse; nearly isothermal compression oi elastic fluid in direct contact with liquid capable of absorbing heat, together with delivery of a small portion of such liquid for further cooling and for return to the system; utilizing variations in discharge and return of this liquid subject to dynamic balance to secure automatic regulation of cyclic functions; utilizing the inertia of the actuating piston and plunger 30 and 12 to cause cooling liquid to be forced from play pipe into power cylinder 1; utilizing changes in dynamic pressure to operate a fuel pump for injecting fuel into power chamber 1 at relatively high pressure.

From these items it is readily understood that the original principle of cyclic control and regulation by dynamic balance is maintained in connection with elastic, as well as with non-elastic, fluids.

Referring to Fig. V:-

This shows a double acting arrangement of power cylinders such as is shown and described in pendin application of Edward N. Trump, Serial No. 658,991. 1 and 1 represent power cylinders to be operated in this case by expansive energy of steam or compressed air. These cylinders are provided with pistons and plungers 12 and 12 for transmitting periodic power impulses alternately upon columns 5 and 5". Inlets 2 and 2 are provided in the vicinity of said plungers and an additional inlet 2* in the vicinity of a central discharge 3 without discharge valves, but connected to a relatively long discharge pipe 7 terminating at 8 in an equalizer 4, from which leads a further discharge main 9. Inlets are provided. with vaccum chambers 11 in connection with a supply 10. 13 and 13 are suitably controlled supplies of primary medium. 15 and 15 are suitably controlled exhaust passages.

The operation of this arrangement is as follows:

Columns 5 and 5", which are relatively of small mass and length as compared with column 7, are driven alternately in both directions by plungers 12 and 12*. Dynamic pressure is produced in the vicinity of the discharge outlet 8 for each power impulse. Column 7 will be accelerated by these dynamic impulses which create pressure greater than that due to the head at 3 and pressure in vessel 4. If the period of oscillation of column 7 under these impulses is longer by considerable amount than those of the play pipe columns 5 and 5*. together, one impulse follows upon another before column 7 com pletes its outward movement. There will, therefore, be no tendency for column 7 to re- Gopies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each,

turn and no check valve at discharge 3 is necessary. The momentum oil the outward movement of column 7 may even serve to create a vacuum in the vicinity of the discharge, which will cause entrainment of fluid through valve 2". Entrainment of fresh fluid through valves 2 and 2 will occur by momentum oi column 5 and of column 5" alternately. The position of the compensating vessel ldetermines the length, and there fore the period of oscillation otif' column 7. In cases where the natural length of the discharge main is such as to give a correct period of oscillation such a compensating vessel is unnecessary. This arrangement obviously has the advantage of direct application of the power to the work to be done and a nearly continuous period of discharge and entrainment of fluid pumped.

If range be allowed at the outer extremity of column 7 for variation of its length, mass, pressure and head, as in the case of Figs. T and III, regulation of its period of oscillation, and therefore of its influence on cyclic functions in play pipes 5 and 5 can be made to depend upon dynamic balance at 3.

The various arrangements of power cylinders here shown are not essential to this invention, but show its broad range of application. In particular the combination of a uniflow steam cylinder having full expansion and high compression in connection with the Humphrey system in which momentum of a reciprocating body of liquid is utilized in both directions I do not claim, since this is the invention of VVillia-m Clinton Brown described in his copending application.

hat I claim is:

The method of pumping which consists in the reciprocation by intermittent power impulses of a liquid column which has suiiicient mass and path of travel to acquire useful momentum and is in a position which has a vertical component suflicient to cause the hydrostatic head of the column acting in opposition to the power impulses to materially influence the storage and giving out of energy by its reciprocation, said column being in communication with an inlet for liquid and in communication with a passage for discharge of liquid at a point within its length, and utilizing by dynamic balance the variation in the volume of liquid which occurs in that part of the reciprocating column beyond the point of discharge with respect to the means for applying power impulses.

CHARLES C. TRUMP. lVitnesses:

WM. C. Brown, WM. C. WALLSER.

by addressing the Commissioner of latents,

Washington, D. G. 

